{ "$schema": "/api/schemas/documents.schema.json", "apiVersion": "1.1.0", "lastModified": "2026-10-15T10:03:40.282Z", "sourcePath": "src/main/data/docs", "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2022.3180777", "document": { "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE Mot. Imag. J", "abbrevTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "abstract": "Reducing end-to-end streaming latency is critical to Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)-based live video streaming. There are currently two technologies in this domain: 1) Low-Latency HTTP Live Streaming (LL-HLS) and 2) Low-Latency Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (LL-DASH). The latter is sometimes also referred to as Low-Latency Common Media Application Format (LL-CMAF), but effectively it is the same architecture. Several existing implementations of streaming players, as well as encoding and packaging tools, support both technologies. Well-known examples include Apple’s AVplayer, Shaka player, HLS.js, DASH.js, FFmpeg, and so on. In this article, we conduct a performance analysis of such streaming systems. We perform a series of live streaming experiments, repeated using identical video content, encoders, encoding profiles, and network conditions, emulated by using traces of 4G LTE mobile networks from two major operators. We capture several performance metrics, such as average stream bitrate, the amounts of downloaded media data, streaming latency, buffering, frequency of stream switching, and so on. Subsequently, we analyze the captured data and describe the observed differences in the performance of LL-HLS and LL-DASH-based systems.", "abstract$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "authors": [ { "bio": "Bo Zhang is a video systems engineer at Brightcove, Inc., Boston, MA. He researches video delivery and playback technologies and builds high-quality, smooth, scalable, and low-latency video streaming software. He has published several research articles in the domains of video streaming and wireless communications. He received a PhD degree in computer science from George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, an MS degree in computer science from the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, and a BS degree in computer science from the Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. He was a recipient of the Best Paper Award from the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) MSWiM 2011.", "name": "Bo Zhang" }, { "bio": "Thiago Teixeira is a software engineer at Brightcove, Inc., Boston, MA. He works across teams to improve the company’s internal design systems and contributes to innovations and new technology research initiatives. He received a PhD degree in computer engineering from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, in 2019, and a BE degree in electrical engineering from Unisinos University, São Leopoldo, Brazil, in 2013. His research interests include computer networks, new internet architectures, and wireless communications.", "name": "Thiago Teixeira" }, { "bio": "Yuriy Reznik is a technology fellow and vice president of research at Brightcove Inc., Boston, MA. Previously, he held engineering and management positions with InterDigital, San Diego, CA, from 2011 to 2016, Qualcomm, San Diego, CA, from 2005 to 2011, and RealNetworks, Seattle, WA, from 1998 to 2005. In 2008, he was a visiting scholar at Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Since 2001, he has been involved in the work of ITU-T SG16 and MPEG standards committees and made contributions to several multimedia coding and delivery standards, including ITU-T H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, MPEG-4 ALS, ITU-T G.718, ITU-T H.265/MPEG-HEVC, and MPEG-DASH. Several technologies, standards, and products that he has helped to develop (RealAudio/RealVideo, ITU-T H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, Zencoder, Brightcove CAE, and MPEG-DASH) have been recognized by the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences (NATAS) Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards. He received a PhD degree in computer science from Kyiv University, Kyiv, Ukraine. He is a Senior Member of IEEE and the International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE), and a member of the Association for Computer Machinary (ACM), Audio Engineering Society (AES), and SMPTE. He is a coauthor of over 150 conference papers and journal articles, and a coinventor of over 70 granted U.S. patents.", "name": "Yuriy Reznik", "orcid": "0000-0003-4233-5805" } ], "authors$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "contentType": "orig-research", "contentType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "copyright": { "holder": "SMPTE", "holder$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "year": "2022", "year$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" } }, "copyright$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2022.3180777", "docId$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "docLabel": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 131, Issue: 7, August 2022)", "docLabel$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "docTitle": "Performance of Low-Latency DASH and HLS Streaming in Mobile Networks", "docTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "docType": "Journal Article", "docType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "doi": "10.5594/JMI.2022.3180777", "doi$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2022.3180777", "href$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "issn": { "electronic": "2160-2492", "electronic$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "print": "1545-0279", "print$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" } }, "issn$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "journalAcronym": "MIJR", "journalAcronym$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2022/7261654/9851537/09851555.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "journalTitle": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal", "journalTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article 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