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  "document": {
    "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE Mot. Imag. J",
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      "source": "parsed",
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    "abstract": "Over-the-top (OTT) streaming growth is driven by the increasing number of wireless connected devices such as tablets and phones. An enabler for using these devices is adaptive bitrate (ABR) streaming that allows devices to select at each moment the stream quality that best fits the available bandwidth. The overall experience is highly dependent on the bandwidth estimation. The current approach to bandwidth estimation in HTTP-based ABR players is challenged by the evolution toward low-latency protocols (DASH CTE—Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP—Chunked Transfer Encoding) or (HLS LL—HTTP Live Streaming—Low-Latency), which result in micro-burst of traffic. Indeed, estimation at the client side, at the HTTP level, relies on the assumption that a relatively large segment of data is available and can be sent at the link speed, which is not the case anymore with low-latency protocols. To address this issue, we propose a novel scheme Server-Side Segment Selection for streaming (S4S), which allows players to interact with an S4S-enabled server to improve the overall experience. First, bandwidth estimation is done at the server side, using transport’s congestion control sender-side stats, leading to more precise estimates even in the presence of small burst, especially when using modern congestion control algorithms such as Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR) or Performance-orientated Congestion Control (PCC). Second, we define a protocol for allowing the network to control the bandwidth versus quality tradeoff.",
    "abstract$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "authors": [
      {
        "bio": "Guillaume Bichot joined Broadpeak in August 2018 as the head of Exploration Team with a focus on addressing and developing innovation. Prior to working at Broadpeak, he was a principal scientist at Technicolor and Thomson, where he led international teams/activities related to image and networking. His areas of expertise include video streaming, IoT, wireless, broadband access, cloud networking-NFV, and virtualization. He has contributed to many collaborative projects, standardization bodies, and authored numerous papers at industry conferences.",
        "name": "Guillaume Bichot",
        "orcid": "0000-0001-8063-166X"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Nicolas Le Scouarnec is a research engineer on the Exploration Team at Broadpeak. His current research focuses on modern internet protocols for video streaming and reliable, high-performance CDN systems. Prior to joining Broadpeak, he was a senior scientist in distributed systems, security, and high-performance machine learning at Technicolor. He holds a Ph.D. in computer science from INSA de Rennes, Rennes, France.",
        "name": "Nicolas Le Scouarnec"
      }
    ],
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      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "contentType": "orig-research",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "copyright": {
      "holder": "SMPTE",
      "holder$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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      "year": "2021",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
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        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2021.3117125",
    "docId$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "docLabel": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 130, Issue: 10, 2021)",
    "docLabel$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "docTitle": "Server-Side Segment Selection for Low-Latency Streaming—S4S",
    "docTitle$meta": {
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      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "docType": "Journal Article",
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      "confidence": "high",
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    "doi": "10.5594/JMI.2021.3117125",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2021.3117125",
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    "issn": {
      "electronic": "2160-2492",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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      "print": "1545-0279",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "issn$meta": {
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    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
    "journalAcronym$meta": {
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      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "journalTitle": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "keywords": [
      "Low-latency Adaptive Bitrate (ABR) Streaming For Live Content"
    ],
    "keywords$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "number": "10",
    "number$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "pages": "50–56",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "publicationDate": "2021-11-01",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "publisher": "SMPTE",
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      "city": "White Plains, NY",
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        "confidence": "high",
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        "note": "References parsed from the published PDF (Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9631114/09629234.pdf). SMPTE's library delivery has no reference file or full text for this paper (src/main/reports/smpte-upstream/referenceFilesTruthTable.md). Cross-check: Crossref lists 15 reference(s) for this DOI; 15 parsed from the PDF.",
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