{ "$schema": "/api/schemas/documents.schema.json", "apiVersion": "1.1.0", "lastModified": "2026-10-15T10:03:40.282Z", "sourcePath": "src/main/data/docs", "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2021.3106162", "document": { "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE Mot. Imag. J", "abbrevTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9563084/09563189.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "abstract": "We analyze the differences between on-premise broadcast and cloud-based online video delivery workflows and identify means needed for bridging the gaps between them. Specifically, we note differences in the ingest protocols, media formats, signal-processing chains, codec constraints, metadata, transport formats, delays, and means for implementing operations such as ad-splicing, redundancy, and synchronization. To bridge the gaps, we suggest specific improvements in cloud ingest, signal processing, and transcoding stacks. Cloud playout is also identified as a critically needed technology for convergence. Finally, based on all such considerations, we offer sketches of several possible hybrid architectures, with varying degrees of offloading of processing in the cloud, which are likely to emerge in the future.", "abstract$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9563084/09563189.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "authors": [ { "bio": "Yuriy Reznik is a technology fellow and the vice president of research at Brightcove, Inc., Boston, MA. Previously, he held engineering and management positions at InterDigital, San Diego, CA, from 2011 to 2016, Qualcomm, San Diego, from 2005 to 2011, and RealNetworks, Seattle, WA, from 1998 to 2005. In 2008, he was a visiting scholar at Stanford University, Stanford, CA. Since 2001, he has also been involved in the work of the ITU-T SG16 and MPEG standards committees and has made contributions to several multimedia coding and delivery standards, including ITU-T H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, MPEG-4 ALS, ITU-T G.718, ITU-T H.265/MPEG HEVC, and MPEG-DASH. Several technologies, standards, and products that he has helped to develop (RealAudio/RealVideo, ITU-T H.264/MPEG-4 AVC, Zencoder, and Brightcove CAE) have been recognized by the NATAS Technology & Engineering Emmy Awards. He holds a PhD degree in computer science from Kyiv University, Kyiv, Ukraine. He is a senior member of IEEE and SPIE and a member of the ACM, AES, and SMPTE. He is a co-author of over 120 conference and journal papers and co-inventor of over 70 granted US patents.", "name": "Yuriy Reznik" }, { "bio": "Jordi Cenzano is an engineer specializing in broadcast and online media. He is currently working on the live ingest pipeline optimization at Facebook. He previously worked as a director of engineering at Brightcove, Inc., Boston, MA, and was a principal architect of Brightcove Live streaming workflow. For over 20 years, he has been working in the media space, starting on the broadcast side, and moving to the online media. He holds an MS degree in information and communication technologies and a BS degree in telecommunications from Universitat Politécnica de Catalunya, Catalunya, Spain, in 2013 and 1997, respectively.", "name": "Jordi Cenzano" }, { "bio": "Bo Zhang is a video systems engineer at the Brightcove Research team. He works on researching video delivery and playback technologies and building high-quality, smooth, scalable, and low-latency video streaming software. He has published several research papers in the domains of video streaming and wireless communications. He has a PhD degree from George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, an MS degree from the University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, and a BS degree from Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, all in computer science. He was the recipient of the best paper award from ACM MSWiM 2011.", "name": "Bo Zhang" } ], "authors$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9563084/09563189.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "contentType": "orig-research", "contentType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9563084/09563189.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "copyright": { "holder": "SMPTE", "holder$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9563084/09563189.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "year": "2021", "year$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9563084/09563189.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" } }, "copyright$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9563084/09563189.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2021.3106162", "docId$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9563084/09563189.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "docLabel": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 130, Issue: 9, October 2021)", "docLabel$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": 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