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  "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992",
  "document": {
    "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE Mot. Imag. J",
    "abbrevTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "abstract": "As All-IP studios leveraging the SMPTE ST 2110 document suite gain traction, one of the fundamental pillars upon which such systems rely is an accurate and reliable time transfer protocol. SMPTE ST 2059 standardized such a model based on the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP). Every element, whether it be network or media devices, impacts the overall time transfer accuracy. This impacts the timing of the ST 2110 media streams that are generated or received by the media nodes. While PTP does provide fault tolerance capabilities, performance degradation of time transfer is not always well understood. This can significantly impact operations in live networks, it being due to a sudden event or a degradation over time. Therefore, an overarching view of the end-to-end timing system including backup, standby, and network devices is required. Monitoring of such capabilities should be common to all devices, whenever possible, including different means to verify in-band and out-of-band measurements as to how devices are performing, with respect to time transfer. Combined with historical archiving of the monitored data, this provides the framework for tracking and correlating possible events. This paper describes the different monitoring capabilities, their advantages and weaknesses, and the value they provide to the monitored datasets. It further focuses on the means to make the process uniform across all monitored devices to ensure consistency in the collected data. Finally, we discuss the ongoing efforts in SMPTE and other standardization bodies around PTP monitoring, the common trends, expected outcomes, and how these will contribute to streamlining time transfer monitoring, supervision, and analysis.",
    "abstract$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "authors": [
      {
        "bio": "Thomas Kernen is a senior staff architect at NVIDIA, Zürich, Switzerland. His main area of focus is defining architectures for transforming the broadcast industry to an All-IP infrastructure. He is a SMPTE Fellow, serves as the co-chair of SMPTE’s 32NF committee, and is a member of the IEEE Communications and Broadcast Societies. He has served for many years as the editor of the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) TS 101 154 “Specification for the use of Video and Audio Coding in Broadcasting Applications based on the MPEG-2 Transport Stream” supported by millions of digital receivers worldwide. Additionally, he has authored more than 20 publications in leading journals and holds multiple patents that cover both network and video coding optimizations for media transport and delivery. He is a frequent speaker at leading industry events both in broadcast and networking industries. Prior to joining Mellanox (acquired by NVIDIA), he spent more than 20 years in the IP industry including driving Cisco’s entry into live media production, co-founding internet service providers, telecom carriers, and architecting fiber to the home networks.",
        "name": "Thomas Kernen",
        "orcid": "0000-0002-7274-2148"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Nikolaus Kerö received a master’s degree in communication engineering with distinction from the Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria. After graduating, he led the ASIC design division at the university’s Institute of Industrial Electronics, successfully managing numerous research projects and industry collaborations. His research activities centered on distributed systems design, especially highly accurate and fault-tolerant clock synchronization. In 2001, he co-founded Oregano Systems Design & Consulting Ltd., Vienna, as a university spin-off. While offering embedded systems design services to customers, Oregano transferred the group’s research results into a complete product suite for highly accurate clock synchronization under the brand name syn1588, for which he manages both development and marketing. He is an active member of the IEEE 1588 standardization committee and the SMPTE 32NF standards group and holds frequent seminars on clock synchronization for both industry and academia.",
        "name": "Nikolaus Kerö",
        "orcid": "0000-0002-2691-544X"
      }
    ],
    "authors$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "contentType": "orig-research",
    "contentType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "copyright": {
      "holder": "SMPTE",
      "holder$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      },
      "year": "2021",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      }
    },
    "copyright$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992",
    "docId$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docLabel": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 130, Issue: 6, July 2021)",
    "docLabel$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docTitle": "Monitoring and Analysis of SMPTE ST 2059-2 PTP Networks and Media Devices",
    "docTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docType": "Journal Article",
    "docType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "doi": "10.5594/JMI.2021.3082992",
    "doi$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2021.3082992",
    "href$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "issn": {
      "electronic": "2160-2492",
      "electronic$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      },
      "print": "1545-0279",
      "print$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      }
    },
    "issn$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
    "journalAcronym$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "journalTitle": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal",
    "journalTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "keywords": [
      "Monitoring",
      "PTP",
      "ST 2059-2",
      "Time & Sync"
    ],
    "keywords$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "number": "6",
    "number$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "pages": "10–19",
    "pages$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "publicationDate": "2021-07-01",
    "publicationDate$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "publisher": "SMPTE",
    "publisher$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "publisherLocation": {
      "city": "White Plains, NY",
      "city$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      },
      "country": "USA",
      "country$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      }
    },
    "publisherLocation$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "references": {
      "bibliographic": [
        "SMPTE.ST2110-20.2017",
        "SMPTE.ST2110-21.2017",
        "SMPTE.ST2110-30.2017",
        "SMPTE.ST2110-40.2018",
        "IEEE.STD1588.2008",
        "SMPTE.ST2059-2.2015",
        "SMPTE.ST2110-10.2017",
        "10.5594-j18687",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:5806909d",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:b341cb14",
        "10.5594-JMI.2019.2914964",
        "SMPTE.ST2022-7.2013",
        "RFC4313",
        "RFC1157",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:cad76dbc",
        "RFC8259",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:c0a4dfc3",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:f4321562",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:99c0460b",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:9c71c0af",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:7b88c350",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:2c25cbbf",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:a5fb2fa1",
        "RFC8173",
        "RFC8575",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:22c5e856",
        "IEEE.STD1588.2019",
        "RFC8334",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:5c1fd9b4",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:81c74079",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:47f3c365",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:285d0d1f",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2021.3082992/h:364e2947",
        "SMPTE.AG16"
      ],
      "bibliographic$meta": {
        "confidence": "medium",
        "note": "References parsed from the published PDF (Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.pdf). SMPTE's library delivery has no reference file or full text for this paper (src/main/reports/smpte-upstream/referenceFilesTruthTable.md). Cross-check: Crossref lists 34 reference(s) for this DOI; 34 parsed from the PDF.",
        "originalValue": [],
        "overridden": true,
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T20:50:36.651Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:d25f34130540"
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    "status": {
      "active": true,
      "active$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      }
    },
    "volume": "130",
    "volume$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9469928/09470355.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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}