{ "$schema": "/api/schemas/documents.schema.json", "apiVersion": "1.1.0", "lastModified": "2026-10-07T20:50:36.646Z", "sourcePath": "src/main/data/docs", "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2021.3065442", "document": { "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE Mot. Imag. J", "abbrevTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9424050/09424063.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "abstract": "The recent dramatic increase in video content consumption requires efficient video coding standards, which is specifically true for ultrahigh-definition (UltraHD) resolutions, such as 4K and 8K (i.e., 3840×2160 or 7680×4320 resolutions in terms of luma samples, respectively). The well-known high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) [H.265/Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG)-H] standard was approved in 2013. Although HEVC provides approximately 50% coding gain compared to its predecessor advanced video coding (AVC) (H.264/MPEG-4), its adoption is still relatively slow. In addition, larger bitrate savings than those provided by HEVC are currently in demand. At the same time, work on the versatile video coding (VVC) and essential video coding (EVC) standards started in 2018. After intensive development efforts that continued for two and a half years, these two video coding standards have been recently finalized. VVC (H.266/MPEG-I) was developed jointly by the MPEG and the International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication (ITU-T) Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG). On the other hand, EVC (MPEG-5) is an MPEG-only effort. In this paper, we compare the performance of EVC and VVC, in terms of both coding gains and computational complexity, to their predecessor—the HEVC video coding standard. In addition, given the growing popularity of the AV1 video codec, which was recently developed by the Alliance for Open Media (AOM), we also include AV1 as an alternative baseline and provide corresponding comparison results. According to the experimental results, which have been carried out in a constant bitrate (CBR) mode, EVC provides about 30% bitrate savings compared to HEVC for encoding 4K/2160p entertainment content (such as VoD) in terms of Bjøntegaard-delta bitrate (BD-BR) peak-signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR)YUV, while introducing an encoding computational complexity increase of approximately five times. VVC provides larger bitrate savings of about 40% at a price of a significant encoding computational complexity increase of more than nine times. When the performance of HEVC CBR encoding (i.e., with the rate control disabled) was compared to that of AV1 VBR encoding (i.e., with the rate control enabled), it was found that AV1 provides bitrate savings of about 20% compared to HEVC for encoding 4K/2160p video sequences, as a tradeoff of an encoding computational complexity increase by a factor of approximately four. The authors find both EVC and VVC to be very promising successors to HEVC in terms of coding gains and computational complexity, but the jury is still out on the speed of their adoption.", "abstract$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9424050/09424063.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "authors": [ { "bio": "Dan Grois received a PhD degree from the Communication Systems Engineering Department, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev (BGU), Be’er Sheva, Israel, in 2011, where he was a senior researcher until 2013. From mid-2013 until 2017, he was a senior researcher with the Video Coding and Analytics Department, Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications – Heinrich Hertz Institute (HHI), Berlin, Germany. Since 2017, he has been a principal researcher at Comcast, Philadelphia, PA, where he is mainly working on advanced perceptual video quality optimization techniques for HDR ultrahigh definition (UHD) video coding, including neural network-based optimizations. He was granted various fellowships, including the Kreitman Fellowships, European Research Consortium for Informatics and Mathematics (ERCIM) Alain Bensoussan Fellowship, and Marie Skodowska-Curie Fellowship. In addition, he actively participates in the video standardization activities of International Organization for Standardization/International Electrotechnical Commission (ISO/IEC) and International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication (ITU-T) organizations, such as Joint Collaborative Team on Video Coding (JCT-VC) and Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET), and is an active contributor of the high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) and versatile video coding (VVC) standards. He is an author/coauthor of more than 70 publications in the area of image/video coding and data processing. Since 2021, he is an associate editor of the IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video (TCSVT).", "name": "Dan Grois", "orcid": "0000-0002-7659-0129" }, { "bio": "Alex Giladi is a Fellow of Comcast, Philadelphia, PA. He has been working on issues related to video content encoding and distribution since 2000. His current areas of interest are open-source video encoding and adaptive streaming. He has been working on the aspects of distributed content-adaptive video encoding, adaptive streaming distribution, content security, and cloud digital video recorder (DVR). He has been a prolific contributor to the Moving Pictures Expert Group (MPEG)-Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) standard and served as an editor of several standards and amendments related to DASH, content security, and MPEG-2 systems. He is the Vice President of the DASH Industry Forum. He holds an MSEE degree from Stanford University, Stanford, CA, and a BSc degree from the Technion, Haifa, Israel. He has multiple U.S. patents in the area of adaptive streaming.", "name": "Alex Giladi" }, { "bio": "Kiho Choi received a BS degree (summa cum laude) in information and communication engineering and a PhD degree from the Department of Communication and Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2008 and 2012, respectively. He was a research associate and a lecturer with Hanyang University in 2013. He joined Samsung Research, Seoul, in 2014. Since 2014, he has been a technical leader with the Department of Video Coding Standard, Samsung Research. He is currently an associate professor with the Department of AI-Software, Gachen University, Seongnam, South Korea. Since 2009, he has been an active participant in standardization for multimedia. He has served several chairs of ad hoc groups in ISO/IEC MPEG and JVET committees. He has authored more than 200 MPEG contribution articles and more than 30 journal or conference articles. His current research interests include image and video coding, multimedia data compression, multimedia streaming, and AI-based multimedia technology. He is a lead editor and an ad hoc group chair of the MPEG-5 Part 1 Essential Video Coding (EVC) Standard.", "name": "Kiho Choi" }, { "bio": "Min Woo Park received BS, MS, and PhD degrees in computer engineering from Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2003, 2005, and 2009, respectively. Since 2009, he has been a principal engineer and a software architect at Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Seoul. He has been working as a Korean delegate for ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 (MPEG) since 2004. He has been involved in the scalable and the multiview extensions of H.264/advanced video coding (AVC), the multiview extension of HEVC (3D-HEVC), VVC, and MPEG-5 EVC standards. His current research interests are video coding, neural network-based video coding, video signal processing, and multimedia systems.", "name": "Min Woo Park" }, { "bio": "Yinji Piao received a BS degree in electrical engineering from the University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, China, in 2004, and MS and PhD degrees in electrical engineering from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea, in 2006 and 2010, respectively. She joined Samsung Electronics in 2010 as a senior research engineer with the Multimedia Platform Laboratory, Suwon, South Korea. She is currently a principal research engineer with Global AI Center in Samsung Research, Seoul, South Korea. Since 2010, she has been actively involved in the development of various video coding standards, including the HEVC standard, scalable HEVC, Audio Video Coding Standard (AVS2), and most recently the VVC standard, MPEG-5 EVC standard, and AVS3 standard. Her research interests include video coding, image coding, and image resolution enhancement.", "name": "Yinji Piao" }, { "bio": "Minsoo Park received BS and MS degrees in computer engineering from Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea, in 2010 and 2014, respectively. Since 2015, he has been an engineer at Samsung Research, Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Seoul. He has been a Korean delegate for ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 29/WG 11 (MPEG) since 2018. He has been involved in VVC and MPEG-5 EVC standards. His current research interests are moving picture coding, video signal processing, and neural network-based compression.", "name": "Minsoo Park" }, { "bio": "Kwang Pyo Choi, PhD, is a master at Samsung Electronics, Research Center, Seoul, South Korea. He has been contributing to the development of video codecs and standardizations. Since 2010, he has made numerous contributions to ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG), ISO/IEC MPEG for several standards such as HEVC, VVC, and EVC. His research interests lie in the area of image and video processing, with emphasis on compression, streaming, and realtime processing. In recent years, he has focused on image and video compression and quality enhancement technology using artificial intelligence.", "name": "Kwang Pyo Choi" } ], "authors$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9424050/09424063.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "contentType": "orig-research", "contentType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9424050/09424063.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "copyright": { "holder": "SMPTE", "holder$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9424050/09424063.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "year": "2021", "year$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9424050/09424063.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" } }, "copyright$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9424050/09424063.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2021.3065442", "docId$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9424050/09424063.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "docLabel": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 130, Issue: 4, May 2021)", "docLabel$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9424050/09424063.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "docTitle": "Performance Comparison of Emerging EVC and VVC Video Coding Standards with HEVC and AV1", "docTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9424050/09424063.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "docType": "Journal Article", "docType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9424050/09424063.xml) via idamsIngest.js", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z", "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1" }, "doi": 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