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  "document": {
    "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE Mot. Imag. J",
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      "source": "parsed",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "abstract": "Next-generation audio (NGA) delivers the best possible listening experience in varying situations (e.g., improved intelligibility and understanding, adapting to reproduction set-up and listening context, audio content tailored to individual preferences and needs), saving bandwidth and production efforts. These scenarios are enabled by the so-called renderer, the purpose of which is to convert a set of audio signals with associated metadata to a different configuration of audio signals (e.g., loudspeaker feeds) based on the metadata and control inputs from the playback environment and the user’s preferences. The approach of defining a specific renderer with its own metadata is extremely viable in clearly defined vertical businesses such as cinema, packaged media, and so on, but for broadcast, which is by its nature a transversal business, this is definitely not the case, so standards that describe the metadata and the behavior of the renderer become beneficial. The audio definition model (ADM) standard defined in recommendation International Telecommunications Union – Radiocommunication (ITU-R) BS.2076 is particularly relevant in this context to ensure interoperability and reproducibility along the chain. The aim of this tutorial is to describe ADM-based use cases and workflows and the ongoing efforts to promote a wide adoption and integration of the ADM.",
    "abstract$meta": {
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    "authors": [
      {
        "bio": "David Marston joined British Broadcasting Corporation Research & Development (BBC R&D), London, U.K., in 2000, initially working on DAB and then moving on to audio coding research and testing. He spent many years in subjective testing, particularly through European Broadcasting Union (EBU) projects for testing audio coding system. Another area of expertise is semantic audio, including managing of the M4 (making musical mood metadata) collaborative project. In recent years, his focus has been on metadata for audio, primarily developing the audio definition model (ADM) from the initial idea with EBU collaboration. This has involved being active in the International Telecommunications Union – Radiocommunication (ITU) over several years, pushing forward the ADM as an international standard as well as several other related ITU recommendations. He has also been involved in two recent audio-related EU-funded projects, namely Immersive Coverage of Spatially Outspread Live Events (ICoSOLE) and ORPHEUS.",
        "name": "David Marston",
        "orcid": "0000-0001-8169-9711"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Thomas Nixon works at the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in the Research and Development’s audio team.",
        "name": "Thomas Nixon"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Chris Pike is a lead engineer in the Immersive and Interactive Audio team at British Broadcasting Corporation Research & Development (BBC R&D), London, U.K. His recent work has focused on audio systems for virtual and augmented reality, as well as personalized broadcast audio for better accessibility. He has a PhD degree in electronic engineering from the University of York, York, U.K., with research focusing on the perceptual evaluation of spatial audio. He has played an active role in industry collaborations, particularly through the European Broadcasting Union, as well as academic research projects, such as the S3A Future Spatial Audio project.",
        "name": "Chris Pike"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Matthieu Parmentier started his audio career recording classical music CDs. He joined France Televisions—the French public broadcaster—in 1999 as a sound engineer for live programs and started the management of 3D audio, UHD video and metadata projects eight years later. Matthieu has been leading the Data & Artificial Intelligence Department at France Televisions since its creation in 2019. He also co-chairs the Audio Engineering Society Technical Committee for Broadcast and Online Delivery. He holds two license degrees in sound recording and video postproduction and a master degree in audiovisual research from the Toulouse II University.",
        "name": "Matthieu Parmentier"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Paola Sunna joined the Centre for Research & Technology Innovation of Radiotelevisione Italiana (RAI), the Italian public broadcaster, in 1997 after getting her degree in electronic engineering from the Politecnico of Torino, Turin, Italy. She has worked on a wide variety of video projects over the years spent at RAI, including image processing, video coding, next-generation video formats, multimodal user interfaces, hybrid broadcast and broadband middleware, second screens apps, standards [digital video broadcasting (DVB), Motion Picture Experts Group (MPEG), etc.], and 3D computer graphics. She received an MBA degree in 2005. In March 2017, she moved to the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) Technology and Innovation Department, Geneva, Switzerland, as a senior project manager. At the EBU, she was involved in the activities related to virtual reality (VR) and augemented reality (AR) and currently is focusing on next-generation audio (NGA) services, newsroom workflows, and 5G for professional media content production. She is the coordinator of EBU groups dealing with audio-related topics and the technical coordinator of the EC project 5G-RECORDS.",
        "name": "Paola Sunna"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Michael Weitnauer joined Institut für Rundfunktechnik (IRT), Munich, Germany, as an audio research engineer in 2011. His current activities include the development and introduction of object-based audio as the new audio standard for media production and consumption and the coordination of IRT’s next-generation audio activities. Besides audio coding algorithms and web audio technologies, he is also engaged in spatial audio recording and in the improvement of speech intelligibility for hearing impaired people.He coordinated IRT’s activities in multiple European Union (EU)-funded projects like ORPHEUS or Reliable OM decision tools and strategies for high LCoE reduction on offshore wind (ROMEO) that dealt with the introduction of object-based audio for the broadcast community in Europe. He is also an active member and the chair of standardization activities in International Telecommunications Union – Radiocommunication (ITU-R), EBU, World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), and digital video broadcasting (DVB) subgroups focusing on next-generation audio.",
        "name": "Michael Weitnauer"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Benjamin Weiss holds a master’s degree in media technology from Technische Universität Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany. He works at the Institut für Rundfunktechnik (IRT), Munich, Germany, as a research engineer. His research interests include object-based audio and developing the open standards necessary to ensure interoperability throughout the whole workflow. He is a part of the original team that developed the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) audio definition model (ADM) renderer (EAR), which is now the basis of the International Telecommunications Union – Radiocommunication (ITU) ADM renderer. Apart from the standardization of the reference renderer within the ITU, he is also active in the continuing specification of the necessary metadata to drive it.",
        "name": "Benjamin Weiss"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Satoshi Oode joined NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation), Tokyo, Japan, in 1999, and received a PhD degree in information sciences from the Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 2019. He is involved in standardization of audio matters including 22.2 multichannel audio and object-based audio and actively participates in International Telecommunications Union – Radiocommunication (ITU-R) WP6B and WP6C, SMPTE, European Broadcasting Union (EBU), and ARIB. He was associated with the work that resulted in the ITU-R specifications for advanced sound systems, including loudspeaker configurations, loudness measurement algorithm, subjective evaluation methods, audio-related metadata (the audio definition model—ADM), its serial representation, audio digital interface, and 64-bit audio file format (BW64). He is currently the vice chair of the ITU-R WP6C and the chair of the ITU-R subworking group 6C-1 Audio, which is developing an advanced sound system and the ADM renderer.",
        "name": "Satoshi Oode"
      }
    ],
    "authors$meta": {
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      "holder": "SMPTE",
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      "year": "2021",
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    "docLabel": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 130, Issue: 2, March 2021)",
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    "docTitle": "Personalized and Immersive Sound Experiences Based on an Interoperable End-to-End Next Generation Audio (NGA) Chain Using the Audio Definition Model (ADM)",
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      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2021/7261654/9363030/09363041.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "docType": "Journal Article",
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    "doi": "10.5594/JMI.2021.3050660",
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    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2021.3050660",
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    "issn": {
      "electronic": "2160-2492",
      "electronic$meta": {
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      "print": "1545-0279",
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    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
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    "journalTitle": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal",
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    "keywords": [
      "Audio Definition Model",
      "ADM/S-ADM",
      "Next-Generation Audio",
      "Personalization",
      "Immersive Audio",
      "Audio Broadcasting",
      "Object-based Audio"
    ],
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    "number": "2",
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    "pages": "13–21",
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