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  "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2020.2991917",
  "document": {
    "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE Mot. Imag. J",
    "abbrevTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "abstract": "We develop UHD-2/8K cameras capable of high-speed recording at 120 frames/sec or more to support the highest video format of ultrahigh definition television and for shooting slow-motion video. Previously, we developed a 1.25-in. 3-CMOS UHD-2/8K 240-frames/sec high-speed camera system capable of capturing smooth slow-motion video at one-fourth speed. In this article, we describe a multi-functional high-speed 8K camera system with significantly upgraded functionality, compared with the conventional UHD-2/8K 240 frames/sec camera system. The upgraded high-speed camera has three new features. The first feature is a 480-frames/sec shooting mode. With this, we achieved twice the frame frequency of a previously developed camera system by operating the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) at twice the speed in the image sensor and subsampling the image. The video signal was processed in GBR 4:2:0 format on conventional hardware and was output in YCbCr 4:2:0 format. The second feature is a 120-frames/sec random-noise-reduction shooting mode. We applied the multisampling technique to reduce the random noise caused by the readout circuit in the image sensor. This technique can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the camera by approximately 4 dB. The third feature is a 120-frames/sec flicker reduction mode. We generated an image with an exposure time of 1/100 sec by combining three successive frames of short- (1/600 sec), long- (1/150 sec), and short-exposure-time images to suppress the 20-Hz flicker caused by illumination with a power line frequency of 50 Hz. From the experimental results, it was found that the flicker could be reduced to 1/10 or less.",
    "abstract$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "authors": [
      {
        "bio": "Ryohei Funatsu received BE and ME degrees in electrical and electronic engineering from the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, in 2000 and 2002, respectively. He joined Japan Broadcasting Corp. (NHK), Tokyo, in 2002. Since 2004, he has been engaged in research of ultrahigh-definition TV camera systems with the NHK Science & Technology Research Laboratories (STRL), Tokyo. He is a member of the Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers of Japan (ITE).",
        "name": "Ryohei Funatsu",
        "orcid": "0000-0002-9334-8545"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Toshio Yasue received BE and ME degrees in applied physics from the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, in 2006 and 2008, respectively. In 2008, he joined NHK, Tokyo. He worked as a broadcast engineer from 2008 to 2012. Since 2012, he has been with the NHK STRL, Tokyo, where he has been engaged in research and development of image sensors and cameras for the 8K Super Hi-vision. He is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) and ITE.",
        "name": "Toshio Yasue",
        "orcid": "0000-0001-8097-6211"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Kohei Tomioka received BE and ME degrees in engineering science from Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, in 2011 and 2013, respectively. In 2013, he joined NHK, Tokyo, Japan. He worked as a broadcasting engineer from 2013 to 2016. Since 2016, he has been with the NHK STRL, Tokyo, engaged in research and development of image sensors and cameras for the 8K Super Hi-vision. He is a member of ITE.",
        "name": "Kohei Tomioka"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Kodai Kikuchi received BE and ME degrees in electrical and electronic engineering from Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, in 2009 and 2011, respectively. He joined NHK, Tokyo, Japan, in 2011. Since 2013, he has been researching and developing video recorder systems with the NHK STRL, Tokyo. He is a member of ITE.",
        "name": "Kodai Kikuchi",
        "orcid": "0000-0003-2622-2288"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Tomoki Matsubara received BE and ME degrees in electrical and electronic engineering from the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan, in 1999 and 2001, respectively. In 2001, he joined NHK, Tokyo. Since 2016, he has been working on research and development of 8K ultrahigh-definition television cameras and image sensors with the NHK STRL, Tokyo.",
        "name": "Tomoki Matsubara"
      }
    ],
    "authors$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "contentType": "orig-research",
    "contentType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "copyright": {
      "holder": "SMPTE",
      "holder$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      },
      "year": "2020",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      }
    },
    "copyright$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2020.2991917",
    "docId$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docLabel": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 6, July 2020)",
    "docLabel$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docTitle": "1.25-inch 3-CMOS Multi-Functional High-Speed 8K Camera System",
    "docTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docType": "Journal Article",
    "docType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "doi": "10.5594/JMI.2020.2991917",
    "doi$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2020.2991917",
    "href$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "issn": {
      "electronic": "2160-2492",
      "electronic$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      },
      "print": "1545-0279",
      "print$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      }
    },
    "issn$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
    "journalAcronym$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "journalTitle": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal",
    "journalTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "keywords": [
      "UHD-2",
      "Flicker Reduction",
      "480-fps",
      "High-speed Camera",
      "Noise Reduction",
      "Slow-motion",
      "UHDTV"
    ],
    "keywords$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "number": "6",
    "number$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "pages": "25–34",
    "pages$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "publicationDate": "2020-07-01",
    "publicationDate$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "publisher": "SMPTE",
    "publisher$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "publisherLocation": {
      "city": "White Plains, NY",
      "city$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      },
      "country": "USA",
      "country$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "publisherLocation$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "references": {
      "bibliographic": [
        "SMPTE.ST2036-1.2014",
        "10.5594-JMI.2019.2895583",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2020.2991917/h:b7803874",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2020.2991917/h:0b8dad9c",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2020.2991917/h:fc61d986",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2020.2991917/h:3249a30d",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2020.2991917/h:10644d6a",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2020.2991917/h:47de7747",
        "R-REC-BT.2020-2",
        "SMPTE.ST2036-4.2015",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2020.2991917/h:ca0af8ce"
      ],
      "bibliographic$meta": {
        "confidence": "medium",
        "note": "References parsed from the published PDF (Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.pdf). SMPTE's library delivery has no reference file or full text for this paper (src/main/reports/smpte-upstream/referenceFilesTruthTable.md). Cross-check: Crossref lists 11 reference(s) for this DOI; 11 parsed from the PDF.",
        "originalValue": [],
        "overridden": true,
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T20:50:36.621Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:d25f34130540"
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    "status": {
      "active": true,
      "active$meta": {
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        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    },
    "volume": "129",
    "volume$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9136808/09136825.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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}