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  "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2020.2990612",
  "document": {
    "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE Mot. Imag. J",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "abstract": "People who began their careers in television broadcasting before the 1990s should have seen television and media technical infrastructures endure three significant transitions: standard definition (SD) analog to SD digital; SD digital to high definition (HD) digital; and HD digital to media carried over an Internet Protocol (IP) network in multiple formats. Each transition involved either an infrastructure replacement or a complete rebuild of their technical facilities. Most of the gear and much of the cabling likely had to be replaced, updated, or refined. As changes to the system were made, compressed video, storage, and data management adjusted accordingly. New terminologies evolved, sometimes heightened by “marketing hype,” that drove users to amend workflows, processes, and capital budgets like revolving doors in a hotel. We live in an age of continual transformation where formats, transport methods, and delivery have moved in full strength to yet another dimension—the era of IP. Yet again the industry is being thrust into yet another significant change in infrastructure, which now includes cloud, realtime over-the-top (OTT) streaming, and virtualization. How does one design a facility for these kinds of transitions without needing a forklift upgrade every decade? These are serious topics that impact return on investment (ROI), timing, and capital versus operational alterations. This article examines new hybrid models for media production, explores their components, and gives examples of how to compose the media future for live production environments at the studio and enterprise levels.",
    "abstract$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
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      "source": "parsed",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "authors": [
      {
        "bio": "Mike Strein is the director of engineering and technology at ABC News, New York, NY, which is part of Walt Disney Television. For the past 30 years, he has been at the forefront of just about every technical advancement that the ABC TV network has made, from the transition from analog to digital, through the HDTV transition to the migration to video-over-IP and the expansion of streaming platforms. He has more than 40 Disney Innovation awards that have resulted in 22 U.S. patents, with several others still in process. He is active in the standards communities, has been an active SMPTE NY board member since 1997 and is a SMPTE Fellow. Prior to ABC, he spent seven years at Standard Microsystems Corporation, Hauppauge, NY, as part of a semiconductor design team. He has a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering technology from SUNY Polytechnic University, Utica/Rome, NY.",
        "name": "Mike Strein"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Karl Paulsen is currently the chief technology officer at Diversified, a global technology innovation firm head-quartered in Kenilworth, NJ. In his role, he provides technology thought-leadership and subject matter expertise to clients’ projects and to engineers, managers, sales, and marketing personnel. In mid-2017, he developed the multivendor “IP Roadshow,” a fully functioning mobile SMPTE ST 2110 technology laboratory that demonstrates and trains the industry in the practices, theory, and implementation of the SMPTE ST 2110/ST 2059/ST 2022 suite of standards. He has been contributing to TV Technology magazine on topics of storage, workflow, IP-infrastructure for more than 25 years and also pens the feature column for the Cloudspotter’s Journal. He held various senior level engineering positions, including VP-Engineering, director of engineering, and chief technology officer at broadcast and mobile television firms, post- and computer graphics interface (CGI)-production, and leading systems integration companies internationally. Among numerous other self-taught technologies, he studied electrical engineering at Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, mathematics and economics at Portland State University, Portland, OR, and project management at Washington State University, Pullman, WA. He is a SMPTE Fellow, former co-chair of the SMPTE Standards TC 34CS technical committee, a certified professional broadcast engineer (SBE), and a member of the International Trade Association for the Broadcast & Media Industry (IABM), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers-Broadcast Technology Society (IEEE-BTS), Video Services Forum, the Audio Engineering Society (AES), and the Alliance of IP Media Solutions (AIMS).",
        "name": "Karl Paulsen",
        "orcid": "0000-0002-0307-6786"
      }
    ],
    "authors$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "contentType": "orig-research",
    "contentType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "copyright": {
      "holder": "SMPTE",
      "holder$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      },
      "year": "2020",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    },
    "copyright$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2020.2990612",
    "docId$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docLabel": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 5, June 2020)",
    "docLabel$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docTitle": "Requirements for the Hybrid Media Production Facility of the Future",
    "docTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "docType": "Journal Article",
    "docType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "doi": "10.5594/JMI.2020.2990612",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2020.2990612",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "issn": {
      "electronic": "2160-2492",
      "electronic$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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      "print": "1545-0279",
      "print$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "issn$meta": {
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      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
    "journalAcronym$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "journalTitle": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal",
    "journalTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "keywords": [
      "Advanced Media Workflow Association (AMWA)",
      "Asynchronous",
      "Colocation (CoLo)",
      "COTS",
      "Dematerialized Facilities",
      "Hybrid",
      "Interoperability",
      "Joint Task Force On Networked Media (JT-NM)",
      "Latency",
      "Microservices",
      "NMOS",
      "Off-premises (Off-prem)",
      "On-prem",
      "PTP",
      "RTP",
      "REMI",
      "Remote Integrations",
      "Resilience",
      "Software-defined Application Management (SDAM)",
      "Standards",
      "Synchronous"
    ],
    "keywords$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
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    "number": "5",
    "number$meta": {
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      "source": "parsed",
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    "pages": "39–49",
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    "publicationDate": "2020-06-01",
    "publicationDate$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
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    "publisher": "SMPTE",
    "publisher$meta": {
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    "publisherLocation": {
      "city": "White Plains, NY",
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        "confidence": "high",
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      "country": "USA",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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        "note": "References parsed from the published PDF (Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109547.pdf). SMPTE's library delivery has no reference file or full text for this paper (src/main/reports/smpte-upstream/referenceFilesTruthTable.md). Cross-check: Crossref lists 9 reference(s) for this DOI; 9 parsed from the PDF.",
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    "volume": "129",
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