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  "document": {
    "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE Mot. Imag. J",
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      "source": "parsed",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "abstract": "To determine which loudspeakers are sized appropriately for a particular application, it is necessary to have a standard test signal. Test signals exists which intend to represent the frequency-dependent root mean square (RMS) level of typical content. However, the peak-to-average ratio (crest factor) of typical signals is also important for determining the maximum level a loudspeaker can attain. The crest factor of real signals as a function of frequency has been investigated and it is found that the crest factor increases with increasing frequency. On the other hand, the crest factor of pink noise and other standard noise signals changes minimally with frequency. A new test signal with the crest factor as a function of frequency is modeled after real signals. A procedure for finding the maximum sound pressure level (SPL) at which a loudspeaker can reproduce this signal linearly is proposed. Both the signal and the procedure have been made publicly available so that comparable measurements can be made by multiple, independent individuals.",
    "abstract$meta": {
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    "authors": [
      {
        "bio": "Roger Schwenke is a senior scientist at Meyer Sound Laboratories, Berkeley, CA. He received a PhD degree in acoustics from Penn State University, State College, PA, in 2000. He has given many award-winning presentations at scientific conferences and has been featured several times as an expert on “MythBusters,” a show on the Discovery Channel. His work on SoundBox and Oliveto Restaurant was featured in the January 2020 issue of Popular Science and in The New Yorker article “Wizards of Sound.” He was awarded the SMPTE Journal Certificate of Merit in 2013 for his contribution to a paper on the interaction of loudspeakers and projection screens. He has contributed to the development of a number of Meyer Sound’s innovative products, including MAPP Online acoustic prediction software, SIM3 three-channel frequency analyzer, constellation active acoustic architecture, the M1D curvilinear array loudspeaker, and more. He gave a presentation on producing noise-induced vibrations for satellite component validation/verification at the Aerospace Testing seminar.",
        "name": "Roger Schwenke",
        "orcid": "0000-0003-1310-5242"
      }
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "contentType": "orig-research",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109546.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "copyright": {
      "holder": "SMPTE",
      "holder$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109546.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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      "year": "2020",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109546.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
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        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109546.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2020.2986622",
    "docId$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109546.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "docLabel": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 5, June 2020)",
    "docLabel$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109546.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "docTitle": "A New Signal for Measuring Loudspeaker Maximum Linear SPL",
    "docTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109546.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "docType": "Journal Article",
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    "doi": "10.5594/JMI.2020.2986622",
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    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2020.2986622",
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    "issn": {
      "electronic": "2160-2492",
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      "print": "1545-0279",
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    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
    "journalAcronym$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
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    "journalTitle": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal",
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    "keywords": [
      "Coherence",
      "Crest Factor",
      "Distortion Measurement",
      "Loudspeaker Headroom",
      "Maximum Sound Pressure Level (SPL)",
      "Onset Of Nonlinearity",
      "Peak To Average Ratio",
      "Test Signal"
    ],
    "keywords$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109546.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "number": "5",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/9109586/09109546.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
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    "pages": "25–29",
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    "publicationDate": "2020-06-01",
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      "source": "parsed",
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    "publisher": "SMPTE",
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