{
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  "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632",
  "document": {
    "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE Mot. Imag. J",
    "abbrevTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "abstract": "This article introduces the key concepts of blockchain and smart contracts and proposes a design to ensure the traceability of media assets in a potentially untrustworthy environment. In this particular use case, the distributed ledger keeps track of each operation of an asset that takes place from its capture through to publication, including editing. This information can be checked against the ledger to validate the intermediate steps required to produce the resulting asset. This design ensures the integrity of media assets, including reliable chronological dating, and the validation of sources while preserving anonymity. At each stage of the workflow, manual or automated verifications are recorded, which creates chains of trust without a central authority.",
    "abstract$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "authors": [
      {
        "bio": "Michael Barroco is the founder and chief executive officer of Orbitalize, a Geneva-based technology startup. Barroco holds a master’s degree in computer science from the Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. He has also worked at Livestream, New York, NY, and with BBC Research and Development, London, U.K. His passion is the development of tools to help people control technology in an increasingly complex environment. Prior to launching Orbitalize, Barroco built and led the software engineering team of the European Broadcasting Union’s (EBU’s) Technology and Innovation unit, Switzerland. The overall goal was to empower public broadcasters to become more software- and data-driven. He created an international and cross-organization team of agile developers and data scientists that co-developed a media personalization platform incorporating recommendation systems and cross-?platform authentication. The system is currently deployed at multiple EBU member broadcasters and used daily by several hundred thousand people.",
        "name": "Michael Barroco",
        "orcid": "0000-0002-8089-1530"
      },
      {
        "bio": "Peter Macavock is the head of delivery, platforms, and services, European Broadcasting Union (EBU) Technology and Innovations, Switzerland. At EBU, he oversees the team responsible for the innovation projects related to delivery technologies, spectrum management, and software platforms. Among other things, he is responsible for spectrum matters and high-level projects related to Hybrid Radio and Television, including Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV), Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB), RadioDNS, and others. In July 2016, he was elected chairman of the DVB Project. Currently, he is the co-chair of the HbbTV Requirements Group. He is an Irish national living and working in Switzerland.",
        "name": "Peter MacAvock"
      }
    ],
    "authors$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "contentType": "orig-research",
    "contentType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "copyright": {
      "holder": "SMPTE",
      "holder$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      },
      "year": "2019",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      }
    },
    "copyright$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632",
    "docId$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docLabel": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 129, Issue: 1, 2020)",
    "docLabel$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docTitle": "Using Blockchain and Smart Contracts to Ensure Genuine Media Assets",
    "docTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docType": "Journal Article",
    "docType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "doi": "10.5594/JMI.2019.2952632",
    "doi$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2019.2952632",
    "href$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "issn": {
      "electronic": "2160-2492",
      "electronic$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      },
      "print": "1545-0279",
      "print$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      }
    },
    "issn$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
    "journalAcronym$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "journalTitle": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal",
    "journalTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "keywords": [
      "Authenticity",
      "Blockchain",
      "Content",
      "Immutability",
      "News",
      "Traceability"
    ],
    "keywords$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "number": "1",
    "number$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "pages": "22–27",
    "pages$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "publicationDate": "2020-01-01",
    "publicationDate$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "publisher": "SMPTE",
    "publisher$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "publisherLocation": {
      "city": "White Plains, NY",
      "city$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      },
      "country": "USA",
      "country$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    },
    "publisherLocation$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "references": {
      "bibliographic": [
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632/h:1d603866",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632/h:5523c4d0",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632/h:2e8d433b",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632/h:334a1b54",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632/h:9968f4e7",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632/h:47fec571",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632/h:50ac2218",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632/h:4aa24199",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632/h:5659dcdc",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632/h:0c8fa79c",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632/h:209a0eff",
        "orphan/10.5594-JMI.2019.2952632/h:3342304c"
      ],
      "bibliographic$meta": {
        "confidence": "medium",
        "note": "References parsed from the published PDF (Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.pdf). SMPTE's library delivery has no reference file or full text for this paper (src/main/reports/smpte-upstream/referenceFilesTruthTable.md). Cross-check: Crossref lists 12 reference(s) for this DOI; 12 parsed from the PDF.",
        "originalValue": [],
        "overridden": true,
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T20:50:36.607Z",
        "version": "extractDocs.js@commit:d25f34130540"
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    "status": {
      "active": true,
      "active$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "volume": "129",
    "volume$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2020/7261654/8964599/08965244.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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