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  "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2017.2749938",
  "document": {
    "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE Mot. Imag. J",
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      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "abstract": "Adaptive bitrate streaming is a critical feature in Internet video that significantly improves the viewer experience by customizing video stream quality to the viewer device’s capability and connectivity. Encoding the source content at multiple quality tiers or bitrates is extremely demanding for post-production houses, studios, and content delivery networks. This paper describes an intelligent multibitrate encoder, based on the High Efficiency Video Coding/H.265 standard that encodes a single title to multiple bitrates at significant performance gains and no compression efficiency loss, as compared to standalone single bitrate encoder instances. We first describe the threading infrastructure of x265 and demonstrate its ability to dynamically adapt to varying degrees of parallelism in hardware. We then describe the key architectural design of a multibitrate encoder, including thread synchronization challenges across encoder instances. We also discuss the analysis data shared across different quality tiers, which is carefully chosen to eliminate the loss of compression efficiency compared to a single bitrate encoder instance. Finally, we show the high-performance gains achieved by the multiencoder and demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous encoding to multiple bitrates with negligible loss of compression efficiency.",
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    "authors": [
      {
        "name": "Deepthi Nandakumar"
      },
      {
        "name": "Sagar Kotecha"
      },
      {
        "name": "Kavitha Sampath"
      },
      {
        "name": "Pradeep Ramachandran"
      },
      {
        "name": "Tom Vaughan"
      }
    ],
    "authors$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "contentType": "orig-research",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "copyright": {
      "holder": "SMPTE",
      "holder$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
      },
      "year": "2017",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "docId": "10.5594-JMI.2017.2749938",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
    },
    "docLabel": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 126, Issue: 9, 2017)",
    "docLabel$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "docTitle": "Efficient Multibitrate HEVC Encoding for Adaptive Streaming",
    "docTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
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      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "docType": "Journal Article",
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    "doi": "10.5594/JMI.2017.2749938",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/JMI.2017.2749938",
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      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "issn": {
      "electronic": "2160-2492",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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      "print": "1545-0279",
      "print$meta": {
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        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
        "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "issn$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
    "journalAcronym$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "journalTitle": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "keywords": [
      "Adaptive Bitrate Streaming",
      "HEVC",
      "Video Compression",
      "X265"
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    "keywords$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
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    "number": "9",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "pages": "36–40",
    "pages$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "publicationDate": "2017-11-01",
    "publicationDate$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-10-07T17:09:33.718Z",
      "version": "smpte-idams-publication@v1"
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    "publisher": "SMPTE",
    "publisher$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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    "publisherLocation": {
      "city": "White Plains, NY",
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        "note": "Ingested from SMPTE IDAMS <publication> (_source/SMPTE/Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.xml) via idamsIngest.js",
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      "country": "USA",
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        "note": "References parsed from the published PDF (Journal Article Repository/2017/7261654/8100758/08100768.pdf). SMPTE's library delivery has no reference file or full text for this paper (src/main/reports/smpte-upstream/referenceFilesTruthTable.md). Cross-check: Crossref lists 9 reference(s) for this DOI; 9 parsed from the PDF.",
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