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    "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE J",
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      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17329.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
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    "abstract": "This paper reviews implementation and operation considerations for supporting a nationwide data broadcasting transmission architecture for non-program-related data. It reviews architectures utilized by PBS National Datacast: VBI, dNTSC, and migration to DTV. Network management requirements to support data delivery are also discussed. For over ten years, PBS National Datacast (NDI) has embedded data streams into existing PBS analog broadcast signals through use of the vertical blanking interval (VBI), and has datacast a variety of multimedia services. Currently NDI delivers data via 260 of the 348 TV transmitters in the PBS system. While VBI has provided a viable option in the past, and continues to provide a niche for certain applications, the data environment today demands more bandwidth; savvy users utilize multiple applications requiring varied types of data. The next step for NDI is implementation of the Dotcast dNTSC (data in NTSC video) technology. The Outcast system uses patent-pending technologies that can inject a 4.5 Mbit/sec digitally encoded data stream into an NTSC broadcast television signal without degrading the signal or interfering with regular television reception. The dNTSC system can make valuable use of existing NTSC assets and provide a smooth transition path to DTV data broadcasting. This paper lays the framework for a data broadcasting architecture where multiple data services contend for a piece of the transport stream, and local data broadcasting opportunities at the station compete with national opportunities for bandwidth.",
    "abstract$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
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    "authors": [
      {
        "affiliation": "PBS National Datacast, Alexandria, VA 22314.",
        "bio": "David Boroughs is currently the director of engineering and planning at PBS National Datacast, a commercial subsidiary of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), where he also held the position of director of operations. He has over 25 years of experience in the telecommunications industry. Prior to joining National Datacast in 1993, he was an engineering manager at Sprint, and earlier held engineering and planning positions with GTE. He was also recently engineering director at Teleconsult International, an international telecommunications consulting company, where he was involved in various studies for overseas telecommunications, power, and cable companies. Boroughs holds an MBA from Duke University and a BSEE from North Carolina State University. He is a licensed professional engineer.",
        "name": "David Boroughs"
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      "confidence": "high",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Cross-filled from SMPTE canonical repository import (smpte-canonical-audit/canonicalLibrary.*.json); previous value was a placeholder",
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      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-07-07T23:39:31.295Z",
      "version": "smpte-canonical-repo@v1"
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      "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17329.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      },
      "year": "2001",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17329.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17329.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docId": "10.5594-J17329",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Derived from DOI 10.5594/J17329",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docLabel": "SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 110, Issue: 9, September 2001)",
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      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "Composed from venue title, volume/issue and date",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docTitle": "Evolving Infrastructures for a Nationwide Data Broadcasting Service",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17329.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
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      "note": "NLM <article> — SMPTE journal paper",
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    "doi": "10.5594/J17329",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17329.xml)",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Constructed from DOI 10.5594/J17329",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "issn": {
      "print": "0036-1682",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17329.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "issn$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17329.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08182015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_110_9/MIJR15Vol110No9.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-06-17T00:17:09.425Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
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    "journalTitle": "SMPTE Journal",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Era-accurate journal title from SMPTE canonical repository (periodical parent at time of publication) (smpte-canonical-audit/canonicalLibrary.*.json)",
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      "source": "parsed",
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    "number": "9",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17329.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "pages": "598–607",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17329.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "publicationDate": "2001-09-01",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Day absent in NLM source — padded to 01",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "publisher": "SMPTE",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Normalised to registry \"SMPTE\" convention from NLM publisher-name (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "publisherLocation": {
      "city": "White Plains, NY",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17329.xml)",
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        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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      "country": "USA",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08182015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_110_9/MIJR15Vol110No9.xml)",
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        "updated": "2026-06-17T00:17:09.425Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17329.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
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        "confidence": "medium",
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        "confidence": "medium",
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      "confidence": "high",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
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