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    "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE J",
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      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "abstract": "In this paper a comparative analysis of MPEG-2 and Motion-JPEG (M-JPEG) video coding is given, and the performance of these methods is compared via experiments. At first, the algorithmic differences are discussed, then results of the experiments are shown for various video sources with different image sizes and frame rates; the bit rates ranged from 1 to 8 Mbits/sec. The results also show that MPEG-2 intraframe only (I-only) and intra- and predictive-frame (IP) encoding achieve higher picture quality at the same bit rate, or equivalent picture quality at a lower bit rate, than M-JPEG. This quantitative comparison as well as the subjective picture quality evaluation can trigger the use of MPEG-2 video coding instead of M-JPEG at low bit rates.",
    "abstract$meta": {
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      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17094.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
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    "authors": [
      {
        "affiliation": "IBM Corp. Microelectronics Div., Endicott, NY 13760. An unedited version of this paper appears in Film and Video Origination in the Era of DTV Broadcasting and Distribution , SMPTE, 1997",
        "bio": "Lilla Böröczky received a M.S. in electrical engineering from the Technical University of Budapest, Hungary, in 1987, and a Ph.D. from Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands, in 1991. From 1992 to 1995, she was senior researcher at the KFKI Research Institute for Measurements and Computing Techniques of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest. In 1995 she spent six months as visiting researcher at Renssellaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY. Dr. Böröczky is currently advisory engineer/researcher of the Digital Video Products Group, IBM Research Division, Endicott, NY. Her research interests include motion estimation, segmentation, rate control for video coding, and applications of digital video. She is a member of IEEE and EURASIP.",
        "name": "Lilla Böröczky"
      },
      {
        "affiliation": "IBM Corp. Microelectronics Div., Endicott, NY 13760. An unedited version of this paper appears in Film and Video Origination in the Era of DTV Broadcasting and Distribution , SMPTE, 1997",
        "bio": "Agnes Ngai is a senior technical staff member of the Digital Video Products Group, IBM Research Division, Endicott, NY. Her current work focuses on video compression; she is responsible for the architecture and development of advanced technologies in the MPEG-2 encoder. Previously she was involved in developing the 370 processor, RISC processor, storage subsystem, and system availability and reliability. Ngai received a B.S. in electrical engineering from the City College of New York and has published several papers on video compression and encoder architecture.",
        "name": "Agnes Y. Ngai"
      }
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Cross-filled from SMPTE canonical repository import (smpte-canonical-audit/canonicalLibrary.*.json); previous value was a placeholder",
      "originalValue": "other",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-07-07T23:39:31.295Z",
      "version": "smpte-canonical-repo@v1"
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      "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17094.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      },
      "year": "1999",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17094.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17094.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docId": "10.5594-J17094",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Derived from DOI 10.5594/J17094",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docLabel": "SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 108, Issue: 3, March 1999)",
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      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "Composed from venue title, volume/issue and date",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docTitle": "Comparison of MPEG-2 and M-JPEG Video Coding at Low Bit Rates",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17094.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
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      "note": "NLM <article> — SMPTE journal paper",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
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    "doi": "10.5594/J17094",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17094.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/J17094",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Constructed from DOI 10.5594/J17094",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "issn": {
      "print": "0036-1682",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17094.xml)",
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        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "issn$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17094.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
    "journalAcronym$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08182015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_108_3/MIJR15Vol108No3.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-06-17T00:17:09.425Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "journalTitle": "SMPTE Journal",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Era-accurate journal title from SMPTE canonical repository (periodical parent at time of publication) (smpte-canonical-audit/canonicalLibrary.*.json)",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-07-08T00:35:38.133Z",
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    "number": "3",
    "number$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17094.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "pages": "161–164",
    "pages$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17094.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "publicationDate": "1999-03-01",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Day absent in NLM source — padded to 01",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "publisher": "SMPTE",
    "publisher$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Normalised to registry \"SMPTE\" convention from NLM publisher-name (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "publisherLocation": {
      "city": "White Plains, NY",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17094.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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      "country": "USA",
      "country$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08182015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_108_3/MIJR15Vol108No3.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-06-17T00:17:09.425Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
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    "publisherLocation$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J17094.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
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        "orphan/10.5594-J17094/bibr2-10.5594_J17094",
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        "confidence": "medium",
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      "confidence": "high",
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        "confidence": "medium",
        "note": "No explicit status in NLM source — journal papers default active",
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        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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      "confidence": "high",
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