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  "document": {
    "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE J",
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      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "abstract": "The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) decided, at an early date, that it was important for the digital broadcasting system to be upgradeable over time. Therefore, it established, as an important desideratum for the system to be chosen, that it could be improved in a nondisruptive manner, i.e., without making the original equipment obsolete. An effective way to do this is to formulate a single baseline system that produces standard-definition imagery, and to carry out any later upgrading exclusively by adding one or more enhancement signals. Enhanced receivers would extract all data streams to create improved imagery. This approach to upgrading permits the manufacture of digital receivers (and set-top converters for NTSC receivers) of the lowest possible cost since high-definition decoding and signal-processing capability is unnecessary. If the enhancement signals are transmitted by means of a nonuniform constellation, then they will appear to be random noise to baseline receivers, guaranteeing that such receivers will continue to be usable regardless of the exact nature of the enhancement signal(s). While it would be preferable for the baseline system to be progressively scanned, it would be possible to permit both interlaced (I) and progressive (P) baseline formats to be used and yet to design enhanced receivers in such a way that they would operate properly with both. The source coding required in such a system is already well known by such names as pyramid coding, layered coding, or multiresolution coding. Channel-coding methods are also described that permit receivers to extract data from the transmitted signal in accordance with the local SNR and their signal-processing capabilities.",
    "abstract$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "authors": [
      {
        "affiliation": "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Cambridge. Mass.",
        "bio": "William F. Schreiber received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in electrical engineering at Columbia and his Ph.D. in applied physics at Harvard University. He worked at Sylvania from 1947 to 1949 and at Technicolor Corp. from 1953 to 1959. From 1959 to 1990, he was a faculty member at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, where he is currently professor emeritus of electrical engineering. He was director of the Advanced Television Research Program from 1983 until his retirement in 1990. Since 1948, Dr. Schreiber's major professional interest has been image processing. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and has received the Honors Award of TAGA, the David Sarnoff Gold Medal from SMPTE, the Gold Medal of the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), and is a four-time recipient of the SMPTE Journal Award.",
        "name": "William F. Schreiber"
      },
      {
        "affiliation": "Michael O. Polley. DSP R&D Center, Texas Instruments. Dallas, Tex.",
        "bio": "Michael O. Polley received his B. S., M. S., and Ph. D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1990, 1990, and 1996, respectively. His master's thesis work involved building a real-time, joint-transform optical correlator using Texas Instruments' deformable mirror device (DMD) technology. His doctoral research at MIT involved designing the channel modulation and coding system for an advanced terrestrial television broadcasting system. In 1996, Polley joined the DSP R&D Center at Texas Instruments, where he has been investigating remote access systems using digital subscriber line modems. His primary research interests include DSP for communications applications, very high-speed modems, and mixed-signal design.",
        "name": "Michael O. Polley"
      },
      {
        "affiliation": "Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Palo Alto, Calif.",
        "bio": "Susie J. Wee received her B.S., M.S., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1991, 1991. and 1996, respectively. She performed her master's thesis work at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, where she participated in an earth-to-space optical communication experiment, which was the precursor to a successful deep-space optical communication demonstration with the Galileo spacecraft. At MIT, her doctoral research was in the area of scalable video coding and video communication over broadcast channels. As part of her thesis, she participated in the design of an advanced television system for terrestrial broadcasting. In 1996 she joined Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, where she is currently investigating issues in compressed-domain processing of video applications in transcoding and Internet delivery. Her main research interests are in the areas of video communication and video processing.",
        "name": "Susie J. Wee"
      }
    ],
    "authors$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Object form (schema 2.3.0) migrated from string form via migrateAuthorsToObjectForm.js; bio/affiliation backfilled from _source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ NLM <contrib-group>+<aff>+<bio>",
      "source": "parsed",
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    },
    "contentType": "orig-research",
    "contentType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Cross-filled from SMPTE canonical repository import (smpte-canonical-audit/canonicalLibrary.*.json); previous value was a placeholder",
      "originalValue": "other",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-07-07T23:39:31.295Z",
      "version": "smpte-canonical-repo@v1"
    },
    "copyright": {
      "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.",
      "holder$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      },
      "year": "1997",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    },
    "copyright$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docId": "10.5594-J15744",
    "docId$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Derived from DOI 10.5594/J15744",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "docLabel": "SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 106, Issue: 7, July 1997)",
    "docLabel$meta": {
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "Composed from venue title, volume/issue and date",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "docTitle": "Digital Television Broadcasting: Nondisruptive Improvement over Time",
    "docTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docType": "Journal Article",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "NLM <article> — SMPTE journal paper",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "doi": "10.5594/J15744",
    "doi$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/J15744",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Constructed from DOI 10.5594/J15744",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "issn": {
      "print": "0036-1682",
      "print$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "issn$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
    "journalAcronym$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_106_7/MIJR15Vol106No7.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-06-17T00:17:09.425Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "journalTitle": "SMPTE Journal",
    "journalTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Era-accurate journal title from SMPTE canonical repository (periodical parent at time of publication) (smpte-canonical-audit/canonicalLibrary.*.json)",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-07-08T00:35:38.133Z",
      "version": "smpte-canonical-repo@v1"
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    "number": "7",
    "number$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "pages": "439–444",
    "pages$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "publicationDate": "1997-07-01",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Day absent in NLM source — padded to 01",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "publisher": "SMPTE",
    "publisher$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Normalised to registry \"SMPTE\" convention from NLM publisher-name (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "publisherLocation": {
      "city": "White Plains, NY",
      "city$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      },
      "country": "USA",
      "country$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_106_7/MIJR15Vol106No7.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-06-17T00:17:09.425Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
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    "publisherLocation$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
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        "orphan/10.5594-J15744/bibr2-10.5594_J15744",
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        "orphan/10.5594-J15744/bibr4-10.5594_J15744",
        "orphan/10.5594-J15744/bibr5-10.5594_J15744",
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        "orphan/10.5594-J15744/bibr10-10.5594_J15744",
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        "confidence": "medium",
        "note": "Extracted from NLM <ref-list> via extractSmpteJournalRefs.js (orphan-slug-mint)",
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      "confidence": "high",
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      "active$meta": {
        "confidence": "medium",
        "note": "No explicit status in NLM source — journal papers default active",
        "source": "inferred",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "volume": "106",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J15744.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T21:44:19.125Z",
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