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    "abstract": "TWO types of sound recording on film are in general use, defined according to the sound track produced as variable area-constant density and constant area-variable density. The first type of record is produced by any of the methods employing vibrating mirrors or shutter arrangements. The second type of recording is done by various arrangements falling under two general classifications: (a) pulsating light source, and (b) valve action. Examples of a pulsating light source are the glow lamp of Seibt,<sup>1</sup> the Poulson arc,<sup>2</sup> and the mercury arc.<sup>3</sup> Examples of those coming under the class of valves are the string galvanometer, the double grating, and the Kerr cell.",
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      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
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    "authors": [
      "V. Zworykin",
      "L. B. Lynn",
      "C. R. Hanna"
    ],
    "authors$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "copyright": {
      "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.",
      "holder$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
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        "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      },
      "year": "1928",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
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    "docId": "10.5594-J13133",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Derived from DOI 10.5594/J13133",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docLabel": "Transactions of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 12, Issue: 35, September 1928)",
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      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docTitle": "Kerr Cell Method of Recording Sound",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "doi": "10.5594/J13133",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
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    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/J13133",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Constructed from DOI 10.5594/J13133",
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    "issn": {
      "print": "0096-6460",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
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    "issn$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
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    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_12_35/MIJR15Vol12No35.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-06-16T18:14:32.753Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
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    "number": "35",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
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    "pages": "748–759",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
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      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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      "note": "Normalised to registry \"SMPTE\" convention from NLM publisher-name (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)",
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      "city": "White Plains, NY",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
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        "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
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      "country": "USA",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_12_35/MIJR15Vol12No35.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
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        "confidence": "medium",
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    "volume": "12",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J13133.xml)",
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