{
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  "docId": "10.5594-J11944",
  "document": {
    "abbrevTitle": "J SMPE",
    "abbrevTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "abstract": "When the modern optical industry was born, this country was predominantly agricultural. Its principal industrial developments related to transportation. It was natural, therefore, that Europe should have gained great prestige in the field of optics in the final quarter of the nineteenth century. With the turn of the century, however, agricultural developments had about reached their limit and industrial activity began to occupy a larger place in American life. Along with others the optical industry felt the incentive to greater activity and the first fifteen years of this century saw a rapid advance in the magnitude of the industry and improvement in the quality of its product. We are still, however, completely dependent on European sources of supply for our optical glass and for some of the small-demand class of laboratory instruments. Then came the war that not only cut of all aid from Europe but ultimately led Europe to our doors with appeals for optical munitions. The war only hastened what would have been inevitable anyway, viz., the complete independence of America in optical matters. The American optical industry has now reached a point where its raw materials (optical glass) and its technical skill recognize no superiors. It can make any practical optical element or instrument for which quantitative specifications can be written.",
    "abstract$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "articleType": "research-article",
    "articleType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "authors": [
      "W. B. Rayton"
    ],
    "authors$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "copyright": {
      "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.",
      "holder$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      },
      "year": "1939",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      }
    },
    "copyright$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "docId": "10.5594-J11944",
    "docId$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Derived from DOI 10.5594/J11944",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "docLabel": "Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 33, Issue: 10, October 1939)",
    "docLabel$meta": {
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "Composed from venue title, volume/issue and date",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "docTitle": "The Status of Lens Making in America",
    "docTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "docType": "Journal Article",
    "docType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "NLM <article> — SMPTE journal paper",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "doi": "10.5594/J11944",
    "doi$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/J11944",
    "href$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Constructed from DOI 10.5594/J11944",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "issn": {
      "print": "0097-5834",
      "print$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      }
    },
    "issn$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
    "journalAcronym$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08182015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_33_10/MIJR15Vol33No10.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-06-16T18:14:32.753Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "number": "10",
    "number$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "pages": "426–433",
    "pages$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "publicationDate": "1939-10-01",
    "publicationDate$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Day absent in NLM source — padded to 01",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "publisher": "SMPTE",
    "publisher$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Normalised to registry \"SMPTE\" convention from NLM publisher-name (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "publisherLocation": {
      "city": "White Plains, NY",
      "city$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      },
      "country": "USA",
      "country$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08182015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_33_10/MIJR15Vol33No10.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-06-16T18:14:32.753Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
      }
    },
    "publisherLocation$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "status": {
      "active": true,
      "active$meta": {
        "confidence": "medium",
        "note": "No explicit status in NLM source — journal papers default active",
        "source": "inferred",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    },
    "volume": "33",
    "volume$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11944.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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}