{ "$schema": "/api/schemas/documents.schema.json", "apiVersion": "1.0.0", "generatedAt": "2026-07-09T21:16:49.031Z", "sourcePath": "src/main/data/docs", "docId": "10.5594-J11396", "document": { "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE Mot. Imag. J", "abbrevTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "abstract": "Complaints about loudness variations between program items are a well-known issue in television broadcasting worldwide. The cause is found in the replacement of skilled operators by automated broadcast systems. To facilitate automated leveling of program items, the International Telecommunications Union Recommendations Section (ITU-R) has published recommendation BS-1770, introducing the LKFS loudness measurement. The broadcaster's goal is uniform dynamics; thus a standardized loudness level needs to be accompanied by a standardized peak level. Most stations in Europe use the European Broadcasting Union (EBU's) PPM standard of −9 dBFS, and any new standard should be compatible with this. The analog PPM falls short in indicating fast (digital) peaks. These do, however, add to the perceived dynamic range, or rather the loudness-to-peak ratio (LPR). An additional digital peak standard is therefore needed before an LKFS level can be selected. Our research into the level practice of 50 international television stations suggests setting maximum digital sample peak levels to −5 dBFS and nominal loudness levels to −21 LKFS.", "abstract$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "authors": [ { "name": "E.M. Grimm" }, { "name": "R. Van Everdingen" }, { "name": "M. J. L. C. Schöpping" } ], "authors$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Object form (schema 2.3.0) migrated from string form via migrateAuthorsToObjectForm.js; bio/affiliation backfilled from _source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ NLM ++", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-06-23T00:04:25.562Z", "version": "authors-migrate-object-form@v1" }, "contentType": "orig-research", "contentType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Cross-filled from SMPTE canonical repository import (smpte-canonical-audit/canonicalLibrary.*.json); previous value was a placeholder", "originalValue": "other", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-07-07T23:39:31.295Z", "version": "smpte-canonical-repo@v1" }, "copyright": { "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.", "holder$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "year": "2010", "year$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" } }, "copyright$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "docId": "10.5594-J11396", "docId$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Derived from DOI 10.5594/J11396", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "docLabel": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal ( Volume: 119, Issue: 3, April 2010)", "docLabel$meta": { "confidence": "medium", "note": "Composed from venue title, volume/issue and date", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "docTitle": "Toward a Recommendation for a European Standard of Peak and LKFS Loudness Levels", "docTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "docType": "Journal Article", "docType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "NLM
— SMPTE journal paper", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "doi": "10.5594/J11396", "doi$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/J11396", "href$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Constructed from DOI 10.5594/J11396", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "issn": { "electronic": "2160-2492", "electronic$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "print": "1545-0279", "print$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" } }, "issn$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "journalAcronym": "MIJR", "journalAcronym$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_119_3/MIJR15Vol119No3.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-06-16T18:14:32.753Z", "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1" }, "journalTitle": "SMPTE Motion Imaging Journal", "journalTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Era-accurate journal title from SMPTE canonical repository (periodical parent at time of publication) (smpte-canonical-audit/canonicalLibrary.*.json)", "originalValue": null, "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-07-08T00:35:38.133Z", "version": "smpte-canonical-repo@v1" }, "number": "3", "number$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "pages": "28–34", "pages$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "publicationDate": "2010-04-01", "publicationDate$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Day absent in NLM source — padded to 01", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "publisher": "SMPTE", "publisher$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Normalised to registry \"SMPTE\" convention from NLM publisher-name (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "publisherLocation": { "city": "White Plains, NY", "city$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T20:40:11.684Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "country": "USA", "country$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08202015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_119_3/MIJR15Vol119No3.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-06-16T18:14:32.753Z", "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1" } }, "publisherLocation$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J11396.xml)", "source": 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