{ "$schema": "/api/schemas/documents.schema.json", "apiVersion": "1.0.0", "generatedAt": "2026-07-09T21:16:49.031Z", "sourcePath": "src/main/data/docs", "docId": "10.5594-J09548", "document": { "abstract": "A debate is currently taking place over the appropriate aspect ratio for advanced television displays. Any selected aspect ratio is inherently incompatible with any other and will require the use of some form of accommodation technique. The derivation of the 16:9 (1.78:1) aspect ratio from accommodation techniques and display modes is explained, as is the relationship between aspect ratio and display memory. Research into the history of aspect ratios indicates that the 1.78:1 aspect ratio was adopted by the Standards Committee of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers (SMPE) in 1930. It also indicates that the factors that may initially have led to widescreen motion picture systems may no longer be applicable. The research for this paper found no clear indication of a preference for any particular aspect ratio for moving images nor any physiological reason to favor one over another. The research did show that cinematographers have not always favored the same aspect ratio.", "abstract$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J09548.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "authors": [ { "affiliation": "technological consultant in New York, NY 10036.", "name": "Mark Schubin" } ], "authors$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Object form (schema 2.3.0) migrated from string form via migrateAuthorsToObjectForm.js; bio/affiliation backfilled from _source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ NLM ++", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-06-23T00:04:25.562Z", "version": "authors-migrate-object-form@v1" }, "contentType": "orig-research", "contentType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Cross-filled from SMPTE canonical repository import (smpte-canonical-audit/canonicalLibrary.*.json); previous value was a placeholder", "originalValue": "other", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-07-07T23:39:31.295Z", "version": "smpte-canonical-repo@v1" }, "copyright": { "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.", "holder$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J09548.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "year": "1996", "year$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J09548.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" } }, "copyright$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J09548.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "docId": "10.5594-J09548", "docId$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Derived from DOI 10.5594/J09548", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "docLabel": "SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 105, Issue: 8, August 1996)", "docLabel$meta": { "confidence": "medium", "note": "Composed from journal title, volume, issue and date", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "docTitle": "Searching for the Perfect Aspect Ratio", "docTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J09548.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "docType": "Journal Article", "docType$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "NLM
— SMPTE journal paper", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "doi": "10.5594/J09548", "doi$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J09548.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/J09548", "href$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Constructed from DOI 10.5594/J09548", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "issn": { "print": "0036-1682", "print$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J09548.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" } }, "issn$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J09548.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "journalAcronym": "MIJR", "journalAcronym$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08182015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_105_8/MIJR15Vol105No8.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-06-16T18:14:32.753Z", "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1" }, "journalTitle": "SMPTE Journal", "journalTitle$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Era-accurate journal title from SMPTE canonical repository (periodical parent at time of publication) (smpte-canonical-audit/canonicalLibrary.*.json)", "originalValue": null, "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-07-08T00:35:38.133Z", "version": "smpte-canonical-repo@v1" }, "number": "8", "number$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J09548.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "pages": "460–478", "pages$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J09548.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "publicationDate": "1996-08-01", "publicationDate$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Day absent in NLM source — padded to 01", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "publisher": "SMPTE", "publisher$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Normalised to registry \"SMPTE\" convention from NLM publisher-name (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "publisherLocation": { "city": "White Plains, NY", "city$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J09548.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "country": "USA", "country$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08182015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_105_8/MIJR15Vol105No8.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-06-16T18:14:32.753Z", "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1" } }, "publisherLocation$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J09548.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" }, "references": { "bibliographic": [ "10.5594-J03502", "10.5594-J02849", "10.5594-J14823", "10.5594-J01651", "10.5594-J03500", "10.5594-J00182", "10.5594-J14506", "10.5594-J14825", "10.5594-J04133", "10.5594-J05474", "10.5594-J12988", "10.5594-J02613", "10.5594-J12965", "10.5594-J01712", "10.5594-J12985", "10.5594-J06855", "10.5594-J10789", "10.5594-J01582", "10.5594-J14829", "10.5594-J13876", "10.5594-J02923", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr1-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr2-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr3-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr4-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr5-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr6-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr7-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr8-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr9-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr10-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr11-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr12-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr13-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr14-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr15-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr16-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr17-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr18-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr19-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr20-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr21-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr22-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr23-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr24-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr26-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr27-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr28-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr29-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr30-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr31-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr32-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr33-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr35-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr36-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr37-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr38-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr39-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr40-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr41-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr42-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr43-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr44-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr45-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr46-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr47-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr49-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr50-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr51-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr52-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr53-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr54-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr55-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr56-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr57-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr58-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr59-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr60-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr61-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr62-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr63-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr65-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr66-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr67-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr68-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr69-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr70-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr72-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr75-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr76-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr77-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr78-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr79-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr82-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr83-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr85-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr87-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr90-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr91-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr92-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr93-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr94-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr95-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr96-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr97-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr99-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr101-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr104-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr106-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr107-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr108-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr109-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr110-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr111-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr113-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr114-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr115-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr116-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr118-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr119-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr120-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr121-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr122-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr123-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr124-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr125-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr126-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr127-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr128-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr129-10.5594_J09548", "orphan/10.5594-J09548/bibr130-10.5594_J09548" ], "bibliographic$meta": { "confidence": "medium", "note": "Extracted from NLM via extractSmpteJournalRefs.js (orphan-slug-mint)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-07-06T18:21:02.558Z" } }, "resolvedHref": "https://journal.smpte.org/periodicals/SMPTE%20Journal/105/8/5/", "resolvedHref$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Backfilled from url.validate report #resolvedHref", "originalValue": null, "source": "resolved", "updated": "2026-06-19T20:59:07.417Z" }, "status": { "active": true, "active$meta": { "confidence": "medium", "note": "No explicit status in NLM source — journal articles default active", "source": "inferred", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" } }, "volume": "105", "volume$meta": { "confidence": "high", "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J09548.xml)", "source": "parsed", "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z", "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1" } } }