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  "docId": "10.5594-J08080",
  "document": {
    "abbrevTitle": "J SMPE",
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      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
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    "abstract": "The first part of the paper is mainly historical, tracing the development of the motion picture art, particularly from the French poim of view. Various processes used for synchronizing sound and picture from about 1899 to the present are mentioned. Among these processes are those employing engravings on the film, and reliefs which act to vary the capacity in a high-frequency circuit. Reference is also made to magnetic wire processes and finally, the present-day method of recording sound photographically. Two variations of the latter process, viz., the fixed density method and the variable density method are explained. The discussion continues with various types of light valve recorders and sources of light. The second part of the paper deals with the particular processes now employed in France, discussing particularly the various mechanical, electrical, optical, and acoustical processes which intervene between the studio and the review room. The matter of acoustics of the studio and the effect on the sound record is discussed at some length, as well as the effect of speed changes in the driving motor of the camera or recorder. Various other apparatus used in the studios are described.",
    "abstract$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
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    "articleType": "research-article",
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      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "authors": [
      "P. Bonneau"
    ],
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "copyright": {
      "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.",
      "holder$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      },
      "year": "1931",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      }
    },
    "copyright$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docId": "10.5594-J08080",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Derived from DOI 10.5594/J08080",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docLabel": "Journal of the Society of Motion Picture Engineers ( Volume: 16, Issue: 4, April 1931)",
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      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "Composed from journal title, volume, issue and date",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docTitle": "The Talking Film",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "docType": "Journal Article",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "NLM <article> — SMPTE journal paper",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "doi": "10.5594/J08080",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/J08080",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Constructed from DOI 10.5594/J08080",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "issn": {
      "print": "0097-5834",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
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    "issn$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
    "journalAcronym$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/07082015 BACKFILE FOR JOURNAL AND CONFERENCES/smptej_16_4/MIJR15Vol16No4.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-06-16T16:11:59.617Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
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    "number": "4",
    "number$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "pages": "399–426",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
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      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "publicationDate": "1931-04-01",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Day absent in NLM source — padded to 01",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "publisher": "SMPTE",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Normalised to registry \"SMPTE\" convention from NLM publisher-name (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "publisherLocation": {
      "city": "White Plains, NY",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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      "country": "USA",
      "country$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/07082015 BACKFILE FOR JOURNAL AND CONFERENCES/smptej_16_4/MIJR15Vol16No4.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-06-16T16:11:59.617Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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      "active": true,
      "active$meta": {
        "confidence": "medium",
        "note": "No explicit status in NLM source — journal articles default active",
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        "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "volume": "16",
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      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J08080.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T19:19:44.900Z",
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