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  "docId": "10.5594-J04419",
  "document": {
    "abbrevTitle": "SMPTE J",
    "abbrevTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "abstract": "The development of larger displays with higher spatial and/or temporal resolution, combined with the need to differentiate new digital services from existing ones, has led to a new drive toward digital high-definition television (HDTV) transmissions. To deliver better picture quality into the home, it has been proposed to start HDTV transmissions (with upconversion at the studio output) despite the fact that much production will remain at standard resolution for the foreseeable future. This paper demonstrates that early adoption of HDTV transmissions is unlikely to achieve the highest picture quality in the home at first, due to uncertainties in the display format. It is shown that upconversion should be matched to the display process and thus achieve a better picture quality. If the consumer display supports only standard resolution, the combined effect of upconversion, compression, and downconversion is shown to lead to severe degradation in picture quality. Furthermore, additional factors such as the increase in required transmission bandwidth are also discussed.",
    "abstract$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "authors": [
      {
        "affiliation": "NDS Ltd., South Hampton, U.K., SOI 67NS.",
        "bio": "Alois Bock received his first degree from the Fachhochschule Konstanz in Germany in 1985 and a Ph.D. from Coventry Polytechnic in 1988. Since joining the research and development department of the Independent Broadcasting Authority which is now part of NDS, Bock has worked on various aspects of MPEG compression encoding, in particular the design of motion estimation circuits and noise reduction algorithms. He is now a principal engineer with NDS and is working on MPEG-2 encoding and transport stream processing algorithms and a member of the UK Institution of Electrical Engineers.",
        "name": "Alois Bock"
      },
      {
        "affiliation": "NDS Ltd., South Hampton, U.K., SOI 67NS.",
        "bio": "Gordon Drury has worked in the telecommunications and broadcasting industries for over 30 years. He began his career in 1967 working in research and development for telecommunications, including early compression systems for television. Between 1974 and 1990 he was with the UK Independent Broadcasting Authority (IBA) where he led projects in digital transmission and compression of television signals, digital video, and audio recording and source coding for digital TV. During the 1980s Drury was a senior member of a development team studying HDTV and its practical introduction. During this time he also served on a number of CCIR (now ITU-R) and EBU committees. On the privatization of the IBA and the formation of NTL at the end of 1990, he became involved with commercial development of digital television, especially video compression systems, and was involved in the early design and marketing of the NTL System 2000 range of products. NTL sold its compression business to News International in November 1995 at which time he was appointed vice-president, technology, for the new company, now known as News Digital Systems (NDS). He is responsible for research into new technology, standardization, and the management of patents and licensing activities. Drury has presented numerous lectures and seminars on broadcasting technology and has published over 80 papers at broadcasting and communications technology conferences, in professional standards groups and in communications journals. He is a Fellow of the UK Institution of Electrical Engineers.",
        "name": "Gordon Drury"
      }
    ],
    "authors$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Object form (schema 2.3.0) migrated from string form via migrateAuthorsToObjectForm.js; bio/affiliation backfilled from _source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/ NLM <contrib-group>+<aff>+<bio>",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-06-23T00:04:25.562Z",
      "version": "authors-migrate-object-form@v1"
    },
    "contentType": "orig-research",
    "contentType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Cross-filled from SMPTE canonical repository import (smpte-canonical-audit/canonicalLibrary.*.json); previous value was a placeholder",
      "originalValue": "other",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-07-07T23:39:31.295Z",
      "version": "smpte-canonical-repo@v1"
    },
    "copyright": {
      "holder": "Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers, Inc.",
      "holder$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      },
      "year": "1998",
      "year$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      }
    },
    "copyright$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "docId": "10.5594-J04419",
    "docId$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Derived from DOI 10.5594/J04419",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "docLabel": "SMPTE Journal ( Volume: 107, Issue: 8, August 1998)",
    "docLabel$meta": {
      "confidence": "medium",
      "note": "Composed from journal title, volume, issue and date",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "docTitle": "The Introduction of HDTV into Digital Television Networks",
    "docTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "docType": "Journal Article",
    "docType$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "NLM <article> — SMPTE journal paper",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "doi": "10.5594/J04419",
    "doi$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "href": "https://doi.org/10.5594/J04419",
    "href$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Constructed from DOI 10.5594/J04419",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "issn": {
      "print": "0036-1682",
      "print$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      }
    },
    "issn$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "journalAcronym": "MIJR",
    "journalAcronym$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08182015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_107_8/MIJR15Vol107No8.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-06-16T16:11:59.617Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
    },
    "journalTitle": "SMPTE Journal",
    "journalTitle$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Era-accurate journal title from SMPTE canonical repository (periodical parent at time of publication) (smpte-canonical-audit/canonicalLibrary.*.json)",
      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-07-08T00:35:38.133Z",
      "version": "smpte-canonical-repo@v1"
    },
    "number": "8",
    "number$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "pages": "552–556",
    "pages$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "publicationDate": "1998-08-01",
    "publicationDate$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Day absent in NLM source — padded to 01",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "publisher": "SMPTE",
    "publisher$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Normalised to registry \"SMPTE\" convention from NLM publisher-name (The Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers)",
      "source": "inferred",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
    },
    "publisherLocation": {
      "city": "White Plains, NY",
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        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
      },
      "country": "USA",
      "country$meta": {
        "confidence": "high",
        "note": "Parsed from journal_metadata XML (_source/SMPTE/APTARA/DL Project Files/08182015 BACKFILE JOURNAL FRESH/smptej_107_8/MIJR15Vol107No8.xml)",
        "source": "parsed",
        "updated": "2026-06-16T16:11:59.617Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-issue-xml@v1"
      }
    },
    "publisherLocation$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "references": {
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        "orphan/10.5594-J04419/bibr1-10.5594_J04419",
        "orphan/10.5594-J04419/bibr2-10.5594_J04419"
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      "bibliographic$meta": {
        "confidence": "medium",
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        "updated": "2026-07-06T18:21:02.558Z"
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    "resolvedHref": "https://journal.smpte.org/periodicals/SMPTE%20Journal/107/8/10/",
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      "confidence": "high",
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      "originalValue": null,
      "source": "resolved",
      "updated": "2026-06-19T20:59:07.409Z"
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    "status": {
      "active": true,
      "active$meta": {
        "confidence": "medium",
        "note": "No explicit status in NLM source — journal articles default active",
        "source": "inferred",
        "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
        "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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    "volume": "107",
    "volume$meta": {
      "confidence": "high",
      "note": "Parsed from NLM article XML (_source/SMPTE/HIGHWIRE/Source Bak/smptej/10.5594_J04419.xml)",
      "source": "parsed",
      "updated": "2026-05-22T18:56:53.245Z",
      "version": "smpte-journal-article-nlm@v1"
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}